Possible causes of IP leaks?

so what maybe the possible causes of IP leak ?

At time of writing,

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Due to the technical design, leaks without malware running that uses exploits or tailored attacks, are unlikely.

But more theoretically.

Potential causes but already considered and taken care of:
Tor control protocol command: GETINFO address
Maybe others Tor control protocol commands but also not an issue due to a whitelist rather than blacklist filtering approach. Related:

Off-topic but related: IP is an outdated, insufficient threat model.

Quote Technical Introduction

Hiding your identity is harder than just hiding your IP. Merely hiding IP addresses is an outdated, year 1990 threat model. Simply masking the user’s IP address is insufficient, as adversaries employ various Data Collection Techniques that do not require IP addresses. This is evidenced by numerous Browser Tests, such as the Fingerprint.com Demoarchive.org, particularly since “12% of the largest 500 websites use Fingerprint.com”.

Due to the technical design, leaks without malware running that uses exploits or tailored attacks, are unlikely.

But more theoretically.

Potential causes but already considered and taken care of:
Tor control protocol command: GETINFO address
Maybe others Tor control protocol commands but also not an issue due to a whitelist rather than blacklist filtering approach. Related:

Off-topic but related: IP is an outdated, insufficient threat model.

Quote Technical Introduction

Hiding your identity is harder than just hiding your IP. Merely hiding IP addresses is an outdated, year 1990 threat model. Simply masking the user’s IP address is insufficient, as adversaries employ various Data Collection Techniques that do not require IP addresses. This is evidenced by numerous Browser Tests, such as the Fingerprint.com Demoarchive.org, particularly since “12% of the largest 500 websites use Fingerprint.com”.