When TAILS can connect but Whonix cannot - what is the reason?

Nope. A flaw in the system was discovered and exploited. How convenient to blame everything on user error. Why have a forum then? I provided many details above and elsewhere and you just point a finger and dodge the question.

My current hypothesis is that there is a flaw in the Firefox ESR based tor browser.

https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/exploring-tor-browser-alternatives-to-firefox/20932

Screenshots would just show blanks, freezes, or simple error message providing no helpful diagnostic information. As for steps to reproduce, easily extrapolated. I started a disp WS which starts GW after I connected to wifi with captive portal. Everything worked before. Etc Etc.

The reason why I think it is the browser is because, when circuits were built successfully, Nix showed working data up/download but the browser would not navigate to urls.