Same issue on Debian testing (trixie).
Loading new virtualbox-7.0.10 DKMS files...
It is likely that 5.15.0-1041-azure belongs to a chroot's host
Building for 6.4.0-3-amd64
Building initial module for 6.4.0-3-amd64
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.4.0-3-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/7.0.10/build/make.log for more information.
dpkg: error processing package virtualbox-dkms (--configure):
installed virtualbox-dkms package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10
Even worse, also breaks Debian stable (bookworm):
+ sudo -- apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends virtualbox-qt
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
virtualbox : Depends: libstdc++6 (>= 13.1) but 12.2.0-14 is to be installed